DATEPART returns part of a date as an integer.
DATEPART( <date-part>, <date> )
The Week and Weekday uses the first day of the week set in SQL Server. The U.S. English default is Sunday, but it can be changed.
To find the current setting you can use:
@@DATEFIRST
Because the value can be changed, getting the week or weekday is not always reliable. One way to do it reliably is to use DATENAME
The year for the current date:
DATEPART(yy,GETDATE())
The Month for the current date:
DATEPART(mm, GETDATE())