DATEADD alters a date by adding or subtracting units of time. It returns the altered date/time.
DATEADD( <date-part>, <number>, <date> )
One year ago:
DATEADD(yy,-1,GETDATE())
This example uses weekday with a datediff to find the first of the week.
DATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk, 6, GETDATE()), 0)